White Coral (Safed Moonga)
What is White Coral (Safed Moonga)?
White Coral is an organic gemstone — a category of gemstones that are not formed from minerals within the earth, but from the biological processes of living organisms. Coral gemstones are formed from the hard, calcified skeletal structures of marine coral polyps — tiny sea creatures that live in colonies in the warm, clear waters of specific ocean regions. Over time, these skeletal structures accumulate and harden into the dense, smooth material that is shaped and polished into gemstone-quality coral.
White Coral belongs to the same biological family as Red Coral (Moonga) — both are formed from the same type of marine organism. The colour difference is due to the specific variety of coral species and the mineral composition of its skeletal structure — White Coral is typically composed of a higher proportion of calcite, giving it its characteristic pure white appearance. Like Pearl and Amber, White Coral is classified as an organic gemstone — a category that is deeply valued in Vedic astrology for its living, bio-energetic origin.
White Coral Names in Hindi & Sanskrit
White Coral is most widely known in Hindi as Safed Moonga — 'Safed' meaning white and 'Moonga' being the common name for Coral in India. In Sanskrit and classical astrological texts, it is called Shwet Praval — 'Shwet' meaning pure white and 'Praval' being the Sanskrit name for Coral. Both names are widely used in astrological and gemstone communities across India.
White Coral as an Organic Gemstone — A Living Legacy
As an organic gemstone, White Coral carries a unique bio-energetic quality that distinguishes it from mineral gemstones. It is formed from living organisms over many years — accumulating the natural energy of the ocean environment in which it grows. This organic origin is considered particularly significant in Vedic astrology — as the living, natural energy of organic gemstones is believed to interact with the wearer's own bio-energy in a direct and immediate way. At Shubh Gems, we source only ethically harvested White Coral — ensuring our supply is responsibly obtained.
✦ Why Shubh Gems for White Coral? At Shubh Gems, we source Italian White Coral from certified, ethical suppliers — ensuring every piece of coral we offer is responsibly harvested and of the finest available quality. Italy has been the world's most trusted and celebrated source of fine quality gemstone-grade coral for centuries.
White Coral Gemstone Properties
| Property | Details |
|---|---|
| Type | Organic gemstone — from marine coral organisms |
| Composition | Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) — primarily calcite |
| Hardness (Mohs Scale) | 3.0 – 4.0 — relatively soft; handle with care |
| Specific Gravity | 2.60 – 2.70 |
| Refractive Index | 1.486 – 1.658 |
| Colour | Pure white — no yellow, grey, or brown tints for astrological use |
| Lustre | Waxy to silky — soft, warm, natural organic lustre |
| Transparency | Opaque — quality judged by colour, surface finish & shape |
| Astrological Use | Dual-planet — Mars (Mangal) & Venus (Shukra) — when both need strengthening |
| Best Source | Italy — finest and most trusted gemstone-grade White Coral source |
| Available Shapes | Oval, capsule, triangular, round, Ganesha carvings & other devotional forms |
| Special Care | Avoid chemicals, acids, perfumes, and harsh cleaning agents |
White Coral Source & Origin — Italian White Coral
Italy — particularly the Mediterranean Sea waters along the Italian, Sardinian, and Sicilian coasts — is the world's most celebrated and most trusted source of fine quality gemstone-grade coral, including White Coral. Italian coral has been prized in jewellery and astrological traditions for centuries — and is widely considered the gold standard for coral quality in the Indian gemstone market.
Italian White Coral is celebrated for its exceptional purity of white colour, dense and compact structure, smooth and lustrous surface finish, and consistent quality — characteristics that distinguish it from coral produced in other regions. The density and surface quality of fine Italian White Coral give it a natural, warm, organic lustre that is particularly prized for both astrological settings and decorative carvings.
Shubh Gems deals exclusively in ethically sourced Italian White Coral — the finest and most trusted source for gemstone-quality White Coral. We do not deal in synthetic, dyed, or imitation coral of any kind. Every piece is evaluated by our expert gemologists for colour purity, surface quality, and structural integrity.
White Coral Shapes & Forms Available at Shubh Gems
White Coral is available in a variety of traditional astrological and jewellery shapes — each with its own character, astrological significance, and price point:
| Shape | Description | Astrological Suitability | Price Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oval Cabochon | Smooth, domed oval — most classic & prized shape | Most recommended — even energy flow | Highest price — rarest to find in perfect form |
| Capsule / Barrel | Cylindrical, rounded ends — most common shape | Suitable — widely used in rings & pendants | More accessible price point |
| Triangular | Three-sided, pointed — traditional astrological shape | Recommended — particularly for Mars | Moderate — good quality triangles valued |
| Round Cabochon | Smooth, perfectly round dome | Suitable — good energy distribution | Good quality round pieces are well valued |
| Ganesha Carving | Hand-carved Ganesha form — collector & devotional piece | Highly auspicious — worn as pendant | Premium — skilled craftsmanship commands higher price |
| Other Carvings | Om, Devi, custom devotional carvings | Auspicious — pendant use preferred | Varies by craftsmanship & size |
✦ Why Shubh Gems for White Coral? At Shubh Gems, we offer White Coral in all the shapes described above — and can also customise settings in silver, copper, Panchdhatu, and gold to your specific requirements. Our skilled craftsmen create beautiful rings and pendants that honour both the astrological significance and natural beauty of White Coral.
Who should wear White Coral (Safed Moonga)?
The Unique Dual-Planet Astrological Significance of White Coral
White Coral occupies a uniquely powerful position in Vedic astrological gemstone traditions. While Red Coral (Moonga) is traditionally prescribed for Mars (Mangal) alone, White Coral is recommended in a specific astrological situation — when both Mars (Mangal) and Venus (Shukra) need to be simultaneously strengthened in a person's birth chart. This dual-planet recommendation makes White Coral a uniquely versatile astrological gemstone — channelling the combined energies of Mars' strength, courage, and vitality with Venus' grace, beauty, and harmonious relationships.
When an astrologer analyses a birth chart and finds that both Mars and Venus are significant benefic planets requiring strengthening — either due to their weakness, debilitation, or the current planetary period — White Coral is one of the most effective single-gemstone solutions, as it addresses both planetary requirements simultaneously without the need to wear two separate stones.
Important: The dual-planet recommendation for White Coral is a specific astrological situation — not a general rule. Always consult a qualified Jyotishi and have your Kundali thoroughly analysed before wearing White Coral for astrological purposes. At Shubh Gems, we offer FREE Kundali-based gemstone recommendation.
Recommended for the Following Rashi Natives
| Rashi (Zodiac) | Suitability | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Mesh (Aries) | Highly Recommended | Mars is the Rashi lord |
| Vrischik (Scorpio) | Highly Recommended | Mars is the Rashi lord |
| Vrishabh (Taurus) | Recommended | Venus is the Rashi lord |
| Tula (Libra) | Recommended | Venus is the Rashi lord |
| Makar (Capricorn) | Recommended | Mars is exalted in Capricorn |
Note: The above is a general guide. Individual suitability depends on Venus' and Mars' placement, strength, and relationship with other planets in your specific birth chart — as well as your current Dasha period and Lagna. Always consult a qualified Jyotishi before wearing White Coral for astrological use.
Who Benefits Most from White Coral
- Individuals whose birth chart shows both Mars and Venus as simultaneously benefic planets requiring strengthening
- Those experiencing challenges related to both Martian energy (lack of courage, energy, and drive) and Venusian energy (relationship difficulties, lack of creativity) simultaneously
- Mesh (Aries) and Vrischik (Scorpio) natives for whom Mars is the Rashi lord — particularly when Venus is also benefic in the chart
- Vrishabh (Taurus) and Tula (Libra) natives for whom Venus is the Rashi lord — when Mars is also a benefic planet
- Individuals running Mars or Venus Mahadasha or Antardasha
- Those with Mangal Dosha for whom Coral is recommended as part of a remedial prescription
- Individuals who cannot tolerate Red Coral due to its stronger Martian energy — White Coral offers a gentler, more balanced alternative
✦ Why Shubh Gems for White Coral? Shubh Gems offers FREE Kundali-based gemstone recommendation. Our experienced astro-gem experts will carefully assess your birth chart and guide you on whether White Coral is the right gemstone for your specific astrological requirements — completely free of charge.
How to Wear White Coral (Safed Moonga) — Astrological Procedure
Wearing Procedure — Day, Finger, Metal & Time
| Parameter | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Day to Wear | Tuesday (Mangalvar) — the day of Mars (Mangal) |
| Best Time | Morning — within 1 to 2 hours of Sunrise, during Shukla Paksha (waxing moon phase) |
| Finger | Ring finger (Anamika) of the working hand |
| Metal | Silver (preferred); Copper and Panchdhatu are also recommended; Gold is also suitable |
| Setting Type | Open-back setting so the gemstone touches the skin |
| Form | Ring or Pendant — both are valid astrological options |
| Minimum Weight | Minimum 5 Ratti (approx. 4.5 carats) — larger pieces are often used |
Ring or Pendant? For astrological purposes, wearing White Coral as a ring on the ring finger of the working hand is the traditionally recommended form, allowing the gemstone to remain in direct contact with the skin and effectively channel energy. However, if wearing a ring is not comfortable, White Coral can equally be worn as a pendant — a pendant is a fully valid astrological option. The gemstone should always be in direct contact with the skin.


Gemstone Energisation (Prana Pratishtha)
Shubh Gems offers a Gemstone Energisation Service (Prana Pratishtha) to all our customers. Our astro-Vedic experts perform traditional Vedic rituals to cleanse, purify, and energise astrological gemstones — ensuring they are fully activated and attuned to their associated planetary energies, so they work at their full potential and deliver the best possible astrological benefits to the wearer.
For customers who wish to perform the energisation themselves, the following procedure is recommended on a Tuesday morning during Shukla Paksha:
- Soak the White Coral ring or pendant in a mixture of raw cow's milk, honey, tulsi leaves, and Ganga jal for 20 to 30 minutes.
- Take out the gemstone, rinse gently with clean water, and wipe it carefully with a soft cloth.
- Light a ghee lamp (Diya), offer white flowers before the deity, and sit in quiet contemplation for a few moments.
- With full faith and devotion, wear the ring on the ring finger of the working hand, or wear the pendant.
Cleaning & Care for White Coral
White Coral is a soft, organic gemstone that requires gentle care to maintain its colour, lustre, and surface quality. As an organic material, it is particularly sensitive to chemicals and acids:
- Clean only with a soft, slightly damp cloth — never use chemical cleaners, soap, or detergents
- Never use ultrasonic cleaners or steam cleaners — these can damage coral's surface and internal structure
- Avoid exposure to perfumes, hairsprays, sweat, and acidic substances — all of which can dull or pit the surface over time
- Avoid contact with water for extended periods — particularly chlorinated water in swimming pools
- Store separately from harder gemstones and jewellery to prevent scratches
- Re-energise your White Coral periodically by repeating the purification ritual on an auspicious Tuesday morning
✦ Why Shubh Gems for White Coral? Shubh Gems provides complete post-purchase wearing, care, and energisation guidance with every White Coral purchase. Our certified gemstone experts are always available to assist you with any questions about care and maintenance.
Astrological Benefits of White Coral (Safed Moonga)
White Coral channels the combined positive energies of both Mars (Mangal) and Venus (Shukra) — creating a unique blend of strength, courage, vitality, and grace. Here are the key astrological benefits:
Courage, Strength & Positive Energy
Mars governs courage, physical strength, determination, and the will to act and achieve. White Coral, as a Mars-associated gemstone, is believed to infuse the wearer with Mars' positive energies — boosting confidence, strengthening resolve, and providing the inner strength and courage to face challenges, overcome obstacles, and pursue goals with focused energy. It is particularly beneficial for those who feel lacking in confidence, motivation, or the drive to take decisive action in their personal and professional life.
Harmonious Relationships & Marital Happiness
Venus governs love, relationships, marriage, and harmonious emotional connections. White Coral's association with Venus is believed to promote harmony in relationships — reducing conflicts, improving mutual understanding between partners, and supporting a more loving, graceful, and harmonious approach to relationships. It is particularly recommended for those experiencing challenges in their marriage or romantic relationships — and for those seeking to attract a compatible life partner.
Relief from Mangal Dosha Effects
In Vedic astrology, Mangal Dosha — the placement of Mars in certain houses — is considered a significant astrological challenge, particularly with regard to marriage and partnerships. Coral gemstones, including White Coral, are among the traditional remedies for Mangal Dosha — and White Coral's additional Venus association makes it particularly helpful for those whose Mangal Dosha is creating challenges specifically in relationships and partnerships.
Business Success & Financial Stability
White Coral is considered an auspicious gemstone for business owners and entrepreneurs — believed to support financial stability, remove blockages to prosperity, and help access opportunities that may have been previously unavailable. Mars' assertive, goal-directed energy combined with Venus' prosperity-attracting influence creates a powerful combination for business growth and material success.
Confidence, Communication & Social Harmony
The combined Mars-Venus energy of White Coral is believed to improve social relationships — giving the wearer greater confidence in social interactions, improved communication skills, and the ability to maintain harmonious and productive relationships with family, colleagues, and business associates. It is recommended for those who feel socially anxious or who struggle to maintain smooth, harmonious relationships in their personal and professional circles.
Health & Vitality
Mars governs physical vitality, blood, and the body's active energy systems. White Coral is traditionally associated with improved physical energy, stronger immunity, and relief from Mars-related health challenges — including issues related to blood, metabolism, and physical stamina. It is believed to strengthen the body's natural vitality and support overall physical well-being.
✦ Why Choose Shubh Gems for Your White Coral? At Shubh Gems, we bring 25+ years of expertise in astrological gemstones to every White Coral we offer. We source exclusively from ethical Italian suppliers — ensuring only the finest quality, responsibly harvested White Coral reaches our customers. Every stone is personally evaluated by our expert gemologists for colour purity, surface quality, structural integrity, and overall finish — and our experienced astro-gem consultants guide every customer in selecting the right stone for their specific astrological requirements.
We offer White Coral in a wide variety of shapes — oval, capsule, triangular, round, and beautiful devotional carvings including Ganesha pendants — set in silver, copper, Panchdhatu, and gold. Every purchase is backed by our Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity — and our FREE Kundali-based consultation ensures you wear the right stone for your specific birth chart.
White Coral Quality & Price
Unlike faceted mineral gemstones, White Coral quality is assessed on a different set of parameters — reflecting its organic nature and the way its beauty is expressed through colour, surface, and form:
White Coral Quality — The Key Quality Factors
Colour — Pure White is Essential for Astrological Use
For astrological use, the most important quality requirement for White Coral is the purity and consistency of its white colour. The finest White Coral for astrological purposes displays a clean, pure, even white colour throughout the entire piece — with absolutely no yellowish, greyish, or brownish tints. Any significant colour variation or discolouration reduces both the gemstone's aesthetic quality and its astrological potency.
Critically important for astrological buyers: always avoid White Coral pieces that have dark spots or patches of discolouration — whether brown, black, grey, or any other colour. Dark spots within the coral material are considered inauspicious in Vedic astrology — such stones are not recommended for astrological use. Always inspect the stone carefully — or have our expert gemologists verify the colour quality before purchase.
Surface Quality & Finish
The surface of an astrologically suitable White Coral must be smooth, even, and free from visible surface cracks, pits, or rough patches. Surface cracks — even fine hairline cracks — are considered inauspicious in Vedic gemstone traditions and can affect the stone's structural integrity and longevity. A fine quality White Coral should have a smooth, consistently polished surface with a warm, natural organic lustre that is characteristic of genuine Italian coral.
Surface cracks are a particularly important quality indicator to check: even stones with otherwise good colour and shape may be rejected for astrological use if they have visible surface cracks. Always examine the stone carefully under good lighting before purchasing for astrological purposes.
Shape & Symmetry
As shown in the shapes table above, oval cabochons are the most prized and the most expensive — due to the difficulty of finding and fashioning a perfectly symmetrical oval from natural coral material. Capsule shapes are the most abundant and most accessible. Triangular shapes hold traditional astrological significance. Well-formed, symmetrical pieces of any shape command higher prices than irregular or asymmetrical specimens.
Structural Integrity — No Cracks or Hollow Spaces
Beyond surface cracks, it is important to ensure that the White Coral piece has good structural integrity — it should not have internal cracks, hollow spaces, or significant structural weaknesses that may make it fragile in daily wear. Our expert gemologists evaluate every White Coral for structural integrity as part of our quality assessment — ensuring the pieces we offer are suitable for everyday astrological ring and pendant wear.
Size & Carat Weight
White Coral for astrological use is typically worn in pieces of 5 Ratti (approximately 4.5 carats) and above — with larger pieces commonly used in traditional astrological rings and Ganesha pendants. Larger, well-formed pieces of even colour and clean surface are significantly rarer and command higher prices. For pendant carvings, size is a major value determinant — larger Ganesha pendants in clean, high-quality White Coral are particularly prized.
Quality Summary for Astrological Buyers: Always choose White Coral that is (1) pure, even white throughout — no dark spots or patches; (2) completely free of surface cracks; (3) structurally sound with no internal cracks or hollow spaces; and (4) well-shaped and symmetrically formed. These four quality criteria are non-negotiable for effective astrological use.
White Coral Price in India — Shape & Grade Price Guide
| Shape / Grade | Price / Carat (INR) | Quality Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Capsule / Barrel | ₹ 400 – ₹ 800 | Good white colour, smooth surface, standard finish |
| Triangular | ₹ 600 – ₹ 1,200 | Even colour, good surface finish, no visible cracks |
| Round Cabochon | ₹ 800 – ₹ 1,500 | Good colour, smooth dome, clean surface |
| Oval Cabochon | ₹ 1,200 – ₹ 2,500 | Finest white, flawless surface, perfect oval form |
| Ganesha / Carvings | Priced per piece based on size & craftsmanship | Auspicious forms — premium for fine carving work |
Note: Price per carat is highest for perfect oval cabochons due to the difficulty of finding suitably large, crack-free, evenly coloured oval material. Ganesha carvings and other devotional pieces are priced per piece based on size, quality of material, and craftsmanship. Always verify quality directly with our expert gemologists.
✦ Why Shubh Gems for White Coral? At Shubh Gems, every White Coral is individually evaluated for colour purity, surface quality, structural integrity, and shape quality before being offered to our customers. We are always transparent about any quality considerations — ensuring you receive exactly what you need for your astrological purpose.
White Coral Buying Guide — Points to Consider Before Buying Safed Moonga
- Consult First: Always confirm astrological suitability through a Kundali analysis first
White Coral is prescribed in a specific dual-planet astrological situation. Always confirm its suitability for your specific birth chart and current Dasha period through a qualified Jyotishi before purchasing. At Shubh Gems, we offer FREE Kundali-based gemstone recommendation. - Colour is Critical: Insist on pure, even white colour — reject any stone with dark spots
For astrological use, pure, even white colour throughout is non-negotiable. Dark spots, patches of brown or grey discolouration, or uneven colour are considered inauspicious and reduce the stone's astrological effectiveness. Always inspect the stone carefully — preferably with our expert gemologists — before finalising your purchase. - Surface Quality is Essential: Check carefully for surface cracks — even hairline cracks should be avoided
Surface cracks — including fine hairline cracks — are inauspicious in Vedic gemstone traditions and affect structural integrity. Always examine the stone under good lighting from multiple angles. Our expert gemologists will always disclose any surface quality considerations before a purchase. - Origin Matters: Insist on Italian White Coral for the finest quality
Italian White Coral is the most trusted and finest quality source for gemstone-grade White Coral. Always confirm Italian origin. Shubh Gems deals exclusively in ethically sourced Italian White Coral — we do not deal in synthetic, dyed, or imitation coral. - Shape Matters: Choose the right shape for your purpose
Oval cabochon is the most astrologically recommended and the most prized shape — it commands a premium price but offers the finest energy and the most beautiful form. Capsule is the most common and accessible. Triangular has traditional astrological significance. Ganesha carvings are deeply auspicious for pendant use. Our team will advise on the best shape for your specific requirements. - Metal Matters: Choose the right metal — Silver, Copper or Panchdhatu
Silver is the most widely recommended metal for White Coral as it complements both Mars and Venus energies. Copper is the traditional metal of Mars and is a powerful alternative. Panchdhatu — the sacred five-metal alloy — is an effective and traditional choice. Gold is also suitable. Always discuss metal selection with our expert team. - Know What to Avoid: Be aware of imitations and dyed coral
The coral market contains dyed low-quality coral, reconstituted coral (made from coral powder), and plastic or glass imitations — all of which are sometimes sold as natural coral. Always purchase from a certified, trusted source. Genuine Italian White Coral has a characteristic organic texture and natural warm lustre that is distinct from imitations. - Know the Price Range: Understand the fair market price
Natural Italian White Coral starts from INR 400 per carat for standard capsule shapes and goes up to INR 2,500 per carat for the finest oval cabochons. Prices significantly below INR 400 per carat for claimed natural Italian coral should be verified carefully.
✦ Why Shubh Gems? Shubh Gems is your most trusted partner for natural, ethically sourced Italian White Coral in India. With 25+ years of expertise, strict quality evaluation for colour, surface, and structural integrity, Gemstone Energisation Service, FREE Kundali-based consultation, and our Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity — we ensure every White Coral you buy from us is genuinely natural, astrologically suitable, and of the finest available quality. Call or WhatsApp: +91-8010-555-111 or visit www.shubhgems.com.
Why Buy White Coral (Safed Moonga) from Shubh Gems?
Ethically sourced Italian White Coral — quality, authenticity & 25 years of trust
- Ethically Sourced Italian White Coral — Finest quality, responsibly harvested
- Dual Mars-Venus Gemstone — Unique astrological significance for combined planetary strengthening
- Strict Quality Standards — No dark spots, no surface cracks — astrological quality guaranteed
- Multiple Shapes — Oval, capsule, triangular, round & beautiful Ganesha carvings
- Gemstone Energisation Service — Traditional Vedic rituals for full astrological activation
- Customised Rings & Pendants — Silver, copper, Panchdhatu & gold settings
- Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity — On every gemstone purchased from Shubh Gems
- 25+ Years of Trust — Established 1995 | Flagship store at Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi
- Safe & Fast Worldwide Delivery — Serving customers across India and the globe
- Transparent Pricing — INR 400 to INR 2,500 per carat | No hidden costs
Call / WhatsApp: +91-8010-555-111 | www.shubhgems.com | Lajpat Nagar, New Delhi
Frequently Asked Questions About White Coral
What is White Coral (Safed Moonga)?
White Coral, also known as Safed Moonga, is an organic gemstone formed in the sea by marine organisms. It belongs to the coral family and is associated with the planet Mars (Mangal) in Vedic astrology.What is the astrological significance of White Coral?
White Coral is worn to strengthen Mars (Mangal), which represents:- Courage and confidence
- Energy and action
- health and vitality
Who should wear White Coral (Safed Moonga)?
White Coral may be recommended for individuals:- With weak or afflicted Mars in their kundali
- Facing lack of confidence or energy
- Dealing with health or vitality issues
What are the benefits of wearing White Coral?
White Coral is believed to:- Increase courage and confidence
- Improve physical energy and strength
- Protect from negative influences
- Support overall stability and well-being
Why is White Coral considered an organic gemstone?
White Coral is called an organic gemstone because it is formed from living marine organisms, unlike mineral gemstones that form in the earth. This natural origin makes it unique in structure and appearance.Which origin is best for White Coral?
The finest White Coral is known to come from Italian origin, especially from Mediterranean regions. Italian corals are preferred for: Better quality and density, Smooth finish, and Higher astrological suitabilityWhat shapes are available in White Coral?
White Coral is commonly available in shapes such as: Capsule, Oval, Triangular and Carved forms. Smooth, well-polished shapes are generally preferred for astrological use.Is White Coral available in Ganesha pendant form?
Yes, White Coral is often carved into Ganesha pendants, which are very popular. This combines: Astrological significance of coral, Spiritual significance of Lord Ganesha.How should White Coral be worn?
White Coral can be worn as: Ring (commonly) and Pendant (for comfort). Ideally, it should touch the skin for a better astrological effect.In which metal and finger should White Coral be worn?
White Coral is typically worn in silver or gold on the ring finger of the working hand. Exact recommendations may vary based on the horoscope.How to identify a real White Coral?
A genuine White Coral will have:- Smooth surface and natural appearance
- Uniform colour (not painted or coated)
- Solid structure (not hollow or plastic-like)
Where to buy original White Coral (Safed Moonga) in India?
It is important to buy from a trusted and experienced gemstone dealer who offers:- Natural, untreated coral
- Verified origin (Italian preferred)
- Proper guidance for wearing





















































































































